Currently I don’t have access to a Sailfish device (I crashed it 
), so can’t verify the paths, but this is what I know/can find (much from here: How can I issue system backup over SSH? - #5 by omichalek but it’s from an earlier release, where user was “nemo” instead of “defaultuser”).
They are in the ‘/home/defaultuser/.local/share/jolla-notes/’ directory. Can’t recall format, but iirc it’s sqlite3 db.
Contacts are stored in an sqlite3 db in ‘/home/defaultuser/.local/share/system/privileged/Contacts/qtcontacts-sqlite/contacts.db’. You should be able to copy it and open (and export the data) with SQLite program in any computer.
SMS are stored in ‘/home/defaultuser/.local/share/commhistory/commhistory.db’