even though it sounds different, this is likely a dupe of Camera refuses to take picture on 10 III (focus hangs) (among other threads. very popular issue, complicated to pinpoint exact issue, and therefore easy to make multiple threads)
that problem is with the camera1 api. it is broken on 10III in sony stock android, in AOSP, and in SFOS, and is only technically fixable by sony.
the solution is to use the camera2 api, which works in SFOS right now using the android app OpenCamera, if you have android-app-support.
native SFOS camera2 support is being actively developed, but it is a work in progress and work seems to be slowing a bit on it.
camera2 issues: Issues · sailfishos/droidmedia · GitHub
camera2 commits: GitHub - sailfishos/droidmedia at camera2